30+ Docker Interview Questions (ANSWERED) in 2020
30+ Docker Interview Questions (ANSWERED) in 2020
Q1: What is the need for DevOps? What is the need for DevOps?
39 DevOps Interview Questions DevOps 39 Entry
Answer
Nowadays instead of releasing big sets of features, companies are trying to see if small features can be transported to their customers through a series of release trains. This has many advantages like quick feedback from customers, better quality of software etc. which in turn leads to high customer satisfaction. To achieve this, companies are required to:
Increase deployment frequency
Lower failure rate of new releases
Shortened lead time between fixes
Faster mean time to recovery in the event of new release crashing
DevOps fulfills all these requirements and helps in achieving seamless software delivery.
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Q2: What is Docker? What is Docker?
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Answer
Docker is a containerization platform which packages your application and all its dependencies together in the form of containers so as to ensure that your application works seamlessly in any environment be it development or test or production.
Docker containers, wrap a piece of software in a complete filesystem that contains everything needed to run: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries etc. anything that can be installed on a server.
This guarantees that the software will always run the same, regardless of its environment.
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Q3: What are the advantages of DevOps? What are the advantages of DevOps?
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Answer
Technical benefits:
Continuous software delivery
Less complex problems to fix
Faster resolution of problems
Business benefits:
Faster delivery of features
More stable operating environments
More time available to add value (rather than fix/maintain)
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Q4: What is the function of CI (Continuous Integration) server? What is the function of CI (Continuous Integration) server?
39 DevOps Interview Questions DevOps 39 Junior
Answer
CI server function is to continuously integrate all changes being made and committed to repository by different developers and check for compile errors. It needs to build code several times a day, preferably after every commit so it can detect which commit made the breakage if the breakage happens.
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Q5: How to build envrionment-agnostic systems with Docker? How to build envrionment-agnostic systems with Docker?
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Answer
There are three main features helping to achieve that:
Volumes
Environment variable injection
Read-only file systems
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Q6: What is the difference between the `COPY` and `ADD` commands in a Dockerfile? What is the difference between the `COPY` and `ADD` commands in a Dockerfile?
55 Docker Interview Questions Docker 55 Junior
Answer
Although ADD and COPY are functionally similar, generally speaking, COPY is preferred.
That’s because it’s more transparent than ADD. COPY only supports the basic copying of local files into the container, while ADD has some features (like local-only tar extraction and remote URL support) that are not immediately obvious. Consequently, the best use for ADD is local tar file auto-extraction into the image, as in ADD rootfs.tar.xz /.
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Q7: What is Docker image? What is Docker image?
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Answer
Docker image is the source of Docker container. In other words, Docker images are used to create containers. Images are created with the build command, and they’ll produce a container when started with run. Images are stored in a Docker registry such as registry.hub.docker.com because they can become quite large, images are designed to be composed of layers of other images, allowing a minimal amount of data to be sent when transferring images over the network.
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Q8: What is Docker container? What is Docker container?
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Answer
Docker containers include the application and all of its dependencies, but share the kernel with other containers, running as isolated processes in user space on the host operating system. Docker containers are not tied to any specific infrastructure: they run on any computer, on any infrastructure, and in any cloud.
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Q9: What is Docker hub? What is Docker hub?
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Answer
Docker hub is a cloud-based registry service which allows you to link to code repositories, build your images and test them, stores manually pushed images, and links to Docker cloud so you can deploy images to your hosts. It provides a centralized resource for container image discovery, distribution and change management, user and team collaboration, and workflow automation throughout the development pipeline.
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Q10: What are the various states that a Docker container can be in at any given point in time? What are the various states that a Docker container can be in at any given point in time?
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Answer
There are four states that a Docker container can be in, at any given point in time. Those states are as given as follows:
Running
Paused
Restarting
Exited
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Q11: Is there a way to identify the status of a Docker container? Is there a way to identify the status of a Docker container?
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Answer
We can identify the status of a Docker container by running the command
docker ps –a
which will in turn list down all the available docker containers with its corresponding statuses on the host. From there we can easily identify the container of interest to check its status correspondingly.
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Q12: What are the most common instructions in Dockerfile? What are the most common instructions in Dockerfile?
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Answer
Some of the common instructions in Dockerfile are as follows:
FROM: We use FROM to set the base image for subsequent instructions. In every valid Dockerfile, FROM is the first instruction.
LABEL: We use LABEL to organize our images as per project, module, licensing etc. We can also use LABEL to help in automation.
In LABEL we specify a key value pair that can be later used for programmatically handling the Dockerfile.
RUN: We use RUN command to execute any instructions in a new layer on top of the current image. With each RUN command we add something on top of the image and use it in subsequent steps in Dockerfile.
CMD: We use CMD command to provide default values of an executing container. In a Dockerfile, if we include multiple CMD commands, then only the last instruction is used.
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Q13: What type of applications - Stateless or Stateful are more suitable for Docker Container? What type of applications - Stateless or Stateful are more suitable for Docker Container?
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Answer
It is preferable to create Stateless application for Docker Container. We can create a container out of our application and take out the configurable state parameters from application. Now we can run same container in Production as well as QA environments with different parameters. This helps in reusing the same Image in different scenarios. Also a stateless application is much easier to scale with Docker Containers than a stateful application.
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Q14: Explain basic Docker usage workflow Explain basic Docker usage workflow
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Answer
Everything starts with the Dockerfile. The Dockerfile is the source code of the Image.
Once the Dockerfile is created, you build it to create the image of the container. The image is just the "compiled version" of the "source code" which is the Dockerfile.
Once you have the image of the container, you should redistribute it using the registry. The registry is like a git repository -- you can push and pull images.
Next, you can use the image to run containers. A running container is very similar, in many aspects, to a virtual machine (but without the hypervisor).
+------------+ docker build +--------------+ docker run -dt +-----------+ docker exec -it +------+
| Dockerfile | --------------> | Image | ---------------> | Container | -----------------> | Bash |
+------------+ +--------------+ +-----------+ +------+
^
| docker pull
|
+--------------+
| Registry |
+--------------+
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Q15: What is the difference between Docker Image and Layer? What is the difference between Docker Image and Layer?
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Answer
Image: A Docker image is built up from a series of read-only layers
Layer: Each layer represents an instruction in the image’s Dockerfile.
The below Dockerfile contains four commands, each of which creates a layer.
FROM ubuntu:15.04
COPY . /app
RUN make /app
CMD python /app/app.py
Importantly, each layer is only a set of differences from the layer before it.
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Q16: What is virtualisation? What is virtualisation?
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Answer
In its conceived form, virtualisation was considered a method of logically dividing mainframes to allow multiple applications to run simultaneously. However, the scenario drastically changed when companies and open source communities were able to provide a method of handling the privileged instructions in one way or another and allow for multiple operating systems to be run simultaneously on a single x86 based system.
The net effect is that virtualization allows you to run two completely different OS on same hardware. Each guest OS goes through all the process of bootstrapping, loading kernel etc. You can have very tight security, for example, guest OS can't get full access to host OS or other guests and mess things up.
The virtualization method can be categorized based on how it mimics hardware to a guest operating system and emulates guest operating environment. Primarily, there are three types of virtualization:
Emulation
Paravirtualization
Container-based virtualization
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Guest Voice: Top 10 NodeJS Frameworks For Developers in 2020
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Q17: What is Hypervisor? What is Hypervisor?
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Answer
The hypervisor handles creating the virtual environment on which the guest virtual machines operate. It supervises the guest systems and makes sure that resources are allocated to the guests as necessary. The hypervisor sits in between the physical machine and virtual machines and provides virtualization services to the virtual machines. To realize it, it intercepts the guest operating system operations on the virtual machines and emulates the operation on the host machine's operating system.
The rapid development of virtualization technologies, primarily in cloud, has driven the use of virtualization further by allowing multiple virtual servers to be created on a single physical server with the help of hypervisors, such as Xen, VMware Player, KVM, etc., and incorporation of hardware support in commodity processors, such as Intel VT and AMD-V.
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Q18: What is Docker Swarm? What is Docker Swarm?
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Answer
Docker Swarm is native clustering for Docker. It turns a pool of Docker hosts into a single, virtual Docker host. Docker Swarm serves the standard Docker API, any tool that already communicates with a Docker daemon can use Swarm to transparently scale to multiple hosts.
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Q19: How will you monitor Docker in production? How will you monitor Docker in production?
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Answer
Docker provides tools like docker stats and docker events to monitor Docker in production. We can get reports on important statistics with these commands.
Docker stats: When we call docker stats with a container id, we get the CPU, memory usage etc of a container. It is similar to top command in Linux.
Docker events: Docker events are a command to see the stream of activities that are going on in Docker daemon.
Some of the common Docker events are: attach, commit, die, detach, rename, destroy etc. We can also use various options to limit or filter the events that we are interested in.
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Q20: What is an orphant volume and how to remove it? What is an orphant volume and how to remove it?
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Q21: What is Paravirtualization? What is Paravirtualization?
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Q22: How is Docker different from a virtual machine? How is Docker different from a virtual machine?
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Q23: Can you explain dockerfile ONBUILD instruction? Can you explain dockerfile ONBUILD instruction?
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Q24: Is it good practice to run stateful applications on Docker? What are the scenarios where Docker best fits in? Is it good practice to run stateful applications on Docker? What are the scenarios where Docker best fits in?
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Q25: Can you run Docker containers natively on Windows? Can you run Docker containers natively on Windows?
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Q26: How does Docker run containers in non-Linux systems? How does Docker run containers in non-Linux systems?
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Top 29+ Advanced Blockchain Interview Questions (ANSWERED)
Top 29+ Advanced Blockchain Interview Questions (ANSWERED)
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Q27: How containers works at low level? How containers works at low level?
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Q28: Name some limitations of containers vs VM Name some limitations of containers vs VM
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Q29: How to use Docker with multiple environments? How to use Docker with multiple environments?
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Q30: Why Docker compose does not wait for a container to be ready before moving on to start next service in dependency order? Why Docker compose does not wait for a container to be ready before moving on to start next service in dependency order?
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